Evaluation of the Histological & Biochemical Changes in the Ovaries of Wistar Rats Following Exposure to Graded Electrical Injury
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Abstract
Background: Electrical injury is an important environmental and occupational hazard that can cause multi organ damage through thermal injury, electroporation, vascular disruption, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Its impact on the female reproductive system, particularly the ovaries, remains poorly understood. Therefore this study investigates the effects of graded electrical injury on the ovary of adult Wistar rats.
Methods: Twenty four female Wistar rats were randomly into four groups: Group A: control, Group B, C and D receive 110, 220 and 330Volts respectively. Malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, estradiol, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and caspase-9 level were measured using standard biochemical procedures and ELISA technique. Ovarian tissues were processed for histological examination. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test, with significance set at p < 0.05.
Results: MDA, CAT, estradiol, progesterone, and FSH did not differ significantly among groups (p > 0.05). GSH was significantly reduced in the 220 V and 330 V groups (5.42 ± 0.57 and 6.38 ± 0.94 μM, respectively) compared with the control (9.88 ± 3.58 μM), while SOD activity was significantly elevated at 330 V (0.26 ± 0.05 vs 0.06 ± 0.00 U/mL). LH concentrations were significantly higher in the 110 V and 330 V groups (4.85 ± 0.50 and 5.90 ± 0.28 ng/mL, respectively) than in the control (3.10 ± 0.00 ng/mL). Caspase-9 levels increased progressively with increasing voltage exposure (7.17 ± 0.48, 9.42 ± 0.85, and 14.88 ± 1.18 ng/mL versus 3.88 ± 0.66 ng/mL in the control), consistent with increased apoptotic activity. Histological examination demonstrated progressive ovarian injury, ranging from mild vascular and cellular changes at 110V to marked follicular disruption, hemorrhage, vacuolation, pyknosis, and extensive cellular degeneration at 330 V.
Conclusion: The study concludes that graded electrical injury induce ovarian tissue damage both histologically and biochemically.
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